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Read the following passage. Then try to make notes of the key facts.
Many adults want to protect children from all negative influences. However, this natural desire to protect children often interferes with the freedom of play. Adult interference in children's playing is problematic for three reasons.
First, adult interference in children's playing can hurt children's creativity. Children who have the freedom of unstructured playtime often create rules for themselves and their playmates. They imagine complex worlds and share colorful fantasies. This helps them develop their creativity and imagination. When an adult interferes with a child's play, it can have the detrimental effect of stunting their creativity.
Second, children need to develop positive peer role models and relationships. Part of childhood is learning how to relate to one's peers. This complex process involves imitating peers, learning socially acceptable communication, and negotiating to get one's needs and wants met, Developing positive peer relationships, particularly among young children, is something learned during playtime. When adults interfere in children's playing, they can delay or hamper the development of these important social skills.
Finally, children need to learn how to stand up for themselves. Just like adults, children must learn how to deal with difficult peers. One of the main reasons adults, especially parents, interfere in children's playing is to protect children from bullies or other difficult children. The problem is that children often suffer more when an adult intervenes on their behalf. Children will never learn to resolve these situations themselves when an adult interferes.
desire – a want of something
determine – an unwanted action meant to change a situation
interference – an unwanted action meant to change a situation
detrimental – harmful; damaging
stunt – to lessen or stop the growth of something
peer – someone of the same age
acceptable – considered good in a particular situation
hamper – to stop something from happening normally
intervene – to become involved in a situation in order to change it
Reading:
Now look at the note diagram and fill in the missing information from your notes.
Improve your notes if necessary. Try to summarize the text using your notes.
Reading:
Below is important information from the reading passage above. After each sentence there are two possible paraphrases of it. Choose the best paraphrase for each sentence. Explain the reasons for your choice.
Reading:
Predict how the listening passage may contrast with the reading.
consequence – a result of something
monitor – to watch something to make sure it happens correctly
unstructured – not organized
stimulate – to cause interest in something
primarily – mainly
engage – to participate in an activity
cruel – very mean
deal with – to take action to solve a problem
Now listen to a lecture related to the topic in A. Make notes while listening.
Listening
Fill in the blanks of the note diagram below with keywords or key phrases used in the lecture.
Summarize the contents of the lecture expanding the diagram above and using your notes.
W: It is unfortunate that there are still people who believe that adult interference in children's playing can have harmful consequences. The truth is that adults need to monitor children's playing because play is so important to a child's development. Not doing so can have harmful effects on a child's development.
First of all, adults need to carefully monitor children's unstructured playtime to make sure that it is positive. Just because children are allowed to structure their own playing does not mean they will do something positive. Many kids, left on their own, will get into trouble and in the worst cases, even get hurt. Others will waste their playtime sitting for hours in front of a TV eating junk food. They need adults to guide them to positive activities that help them develop their creativity during playtime. For example, urn, adults can provide kids with stimulating toys and games and limit their time in front of the TV and playing video games. They can talk to their children about what they are playing and check in on them. This is not interference; it's careful monitoring. Second, children need adults, not peers, as role models. Too many children are not learning good behaviors from their peers..They learn these bad behaviors because adults don't monitor their playtime. In fact, it is dangerous to suggest that children should learn primarily from their peers. They need adults – parents, teachers – to teach them what is right and what is wrong. One way adults can do this is by monitoring who their children play with and what kinds of. activities they engage in.
Third, adults need to monitor their kids' play to protect them. Children can be very cruel to each other. They are still learning how to control themselves and don't always think about the consequences of their actions. Certainly, a child needs to learn how to defend him or herself. But children also need to be able to trust that their parents will help them if they are being hurt by another child. This is a very important lesson. Sometimes children need their parents to help them deal with their peers.
Listening:
Choose the sentences that best combine the main idea and key points from the reading passage and the lecture. Explain the reasons for your choice.
Below are four incomplete paraphrases of key information from the reading passage and the lecture. Choose the most suitable words or phrases from the options suggested. These words and phrases are synonyms or are similar in meaning to the actual words used in the reading passage and lecture.
Read the following sentences taken from the reading and the lecture. Create new sentences by combining the ideas in each pair of sentences.
- 1. In order to prevent stunting creativity through interference, adults should guide children toward positive activities that develop creativity.
- 2. Children should learn how to deal with difficult situations on their own; however, at times a supportive parent is beneficial.
